[1]:215 He took umbrage at frequent claims that he did no work and spent his time watching daytime soap operas;[1]:203 according to Tushnet, who clerked for Marshall, the idea that he "was a lazy Justice uninterested in the Court's work is wrong and perhaps racist". As an Associate Supreme Court Justice, Thurgood Marshall leaves a legacy that expands that early sensitivity to include all of America's voiceless. Marshal then attended Howard University Law School. Official websites use .gov [1]:47, In 1936, Marshall joined Houston, who had been appointed as the NAACP's special counsel, in New York City, serving as his assistant. [5]:1514 According to Tushnet, Marshall was "the Court's liberal specialist in Native American law"; he endeavored to protect Native Americans from regulatory action on the part of the states. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thurgood-Marshall, Social Studies for Kids - Biography of Thurgood Marshall, BlackPast - Biography of Thurgood Marshall, American Heritage - Thurgood Marshall, American Revolutionary, History Learning Site - Biography of Thurgood Marshall, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Thurgood Marshall, Thurgood Marshall - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Thurgood Marshall - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Supreme Court of the United States (1967-1991), McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Marshall to the Supreme Court in 1967. [5]:1501 The Court ruled in Marshall's favor in Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma (1948), ordering that Oklahoma provide Ada Lois Sipuel with a legal education, although the justices declined to order that she be admitted to the state's law school for whites. At the same time, the Law School has opened its doors to students from all backgrounds, gaining recognition as one of the most diverse law schools in the country. The Thurgood Marshall School of Law (TMSL) is an ABA-accredited law school in Houston, Texas, that awards Juris Doctor and Master of Law degrees. [30]:951, Marshall served as a visiting judge on the Second Circuit for a week in January 1992, and he received the American Bar Association's highest award in August of that year. [1]:197 He took the constitutional oath of office on October 2, 1967, becoming the first African American to serve as a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. About. In September 1961 Marshall was nominated to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit by President John F. Kennedy, but opposition from Southern senators delayed his confirmation for several months. Programs & Events. Upon his graduation from Howard, Marshall began the private practice of law in Baltimore. [1]:316 In a 1969 opinion in Stanley v. Georgia, he held that it was unconstitutional to criminalize the possession of obscene material. "[12]:234235 Marshall's jurisprudence was pragmatic and relied on his real-world experience as a lawyer and as an African American. Id like to thank the ABA, Dean Bullock and the entire Texas Southern University team who worked tirelessly to ensure this milestone in our journey for TMSL., Category: At Howard, Marshall was mentored by Vice Dean Charles Hamilton Houston, a distinguished graduate of the Harvard Law School. Donate. Gaines v. Canada; after Houston returned to Washington, Marshall took his place as special counsel of the NAACP, and he became director-counsel of the newly formed NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. [3]:69,79[4]:34 He then enrolled at Lincoln University in Chester County, Pennsylvania, the oldest college for African Americans in the United States. [7]:129130 In 1950, Marshall brought two cases involving education to the Court: McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, which was George W. McLaurin's challenge to unequal treatment at the University of Oklahoma's graduate school, and Sweatt v. Painter, which was Heman Sweatt's challenge to his being required to attend a blacks-only law school in Texas. [1]:401 He was a member of the unanimous majority in United States v. Nixon that rejected President Nixon's claims of absolute executive privilege. In 1961, Marshall was nominated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit by President John F. Kennedy. Including living costs and tuition & fees, the total costs of attendance of Thurgood Marshall School of Law is $50,317. [14]:339 He disagreed with the notion (favored by some of his conservative colleagues) that the Constitution should be interpreted according to the Founders' original understandings;[19]:382 in a 1987 speech commemorating the Constitution's bicentennial, he said:[20]:2,5. Thurgood Marshall Law Review - The law review was established in 1970 and is a legal research and writing forum for legal scholars and practitioners from around the world. Solicitor General. Yesteryear's black attorneys were champions of civil rights and social justice. His approach to desegregation cases emphasized the use of sociological data to show that segregation was inherently unequal. A staunch liberal, he frequently dissented as the Court became increasingly conservative. [5]:1501 Together with his Inc Fund colleagues, he devised a strategy that emphasized the inherent educational disparities caused by segregation rather than the physical differences between the schools provided for blacks and whites. The Thurgood Marshall School of Law has been recognized as the most diverse law school in the country by US News and World Report. [1]:119 In contrast to the oratorical rhetoric of his adversaryJohn W. Davis, a former solicitor general and presidential candidateMarshall spoke plainly and conversationally. Thurgood Marshall School of Law tuition for academic year 2021-2022 is $20,418 for Texas residents and $27,828 for non-residents. [11]:25 The nominee's father was Tom C. Clark, an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. [5]:1515 When the Court in Gregg v. Georgia upheld new death-penalty laws that required juries to consider aggravating and mitigating circumstances, he dissented, describing capital punishment as a "vestigial savagery" that was immoral and violative of the Eighth Amendment. [36]:20 The state of Maryland renamed Baltimore's airport the Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport in 2005, and the University of Maryland's law library is named in his honor. Indeed, students of constitutional law still examine the oral arguments of the case and the ultimate decision of the Court from both a legal and a political perspective; legally, Marshall argued that segregation in public education produced unequal schools for African Americans and whites (a key element in the strategy to have the Court overrule the separate but equal doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson [1896]), but it was Marshalls reliance on psychological, sociological, and historical data that presumably sensitized the Court to the deleterious effects of institutionalized segregation on the self-image, social worth, and social progress of African American children. Select your school and find the perfect place nearby or on-campus. THURGOOD FACULTY SPOTLIGHT SpearIt Professor SpearIt presented to the faculty at South Texas College of Law on April 3, 2020, on his work, Reimagining the Death Penalty: Targeting Christians, Conservatives (forthcoming, Buff. [23]:477, In Marshall's view, the Constitution guaranteed to all citizens the right to privacy; he felt that although the Constitution nowhere mentioned such a right expressly, it could be inferred from various provisions of the Bill of Rights. Thoroughgood ("Thurgood") Marshall was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 2, 1908, the younger of two sons of William and Norma Marshall. [11]:25 For Johnson, who had long desired to nominate a non-white justice, the choice of a nominee to fill the ensuing vacancy "was as easy as it was obvious", according to the scholar Henry J. Publish student works of exceptional quality in order to ensure the reputable standing of the law review. Marshall applied to the University of Maryland Law School, but was denied admission due to racial segregation. [5]:1500 He also defended individuals who had been charged with crimes before both trial courts and the Supreme Court. Justice Thurgood Marshall Profile - Brown v. Board of Education Re-enactment As a lawyer and judge, Thurgood Marshall strived to protect the rights of all citizens. In October 1936, Marshall joined the national staff of the NAACP. As a practicing. [4]:396, Marshall lay in repose in the Great Hall of the Supreme Court,[29]:159 and thousands thronged there to pay their respects;[6]:480 more than four thousand attended his funeral service at the National Cathedral. [9] In 2010, the National Jurist ranked the TMSL Library 31st out of 198 law libraries in the nation for resources, service, and space. After establishing the inequality faced by Negroes in American, the NAACP began to attack the Plessy doctrine in 1945. [4]:298[11]:10 The subcommittee held several hearings between May and August 1962; Marshall faced harsh questioning from the Southerners over what the scholar Howard Ball described as "marginal issues at best". Thurgood Marshall School of Law is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund and Association of American Law Schools. [5]:1508 The justice left much of his work to his law clerks, preferring to determine the outcome of the case and then allow the clerks to draft the opinion themselves. He favored a robust interpretation of the First Amendment in decisions such as Stanley v. Georgia, and he supported abortion rights in Roe v. Wade and other cases. Some believed that equalization of African American educational opportunity could be achieved at the new Jim Crow institution. All Rights Reserved. [1]:210, Marshall consistently sided with the Supreme Court's liberal bloc. In 2022, tuition was $28,260 and the annual cost of attending was $49,416 (tuition plus living expenses). 2020). At Howard, he was mentored by Charles Hamilton Houston, who taught his students to be "social engineers" willing to use the law to fight for civil rights. The median GPA is 3.32. During its first academic year, the law school was housed in Austin, Texas, and was subsequently transferred to the new university campus in Houston. President Lyndon B. Johnson named Marshall U.S. solicitor general in July 1965 and nominated him to the Supreme Court on June 13, 1967; Marshalls nomination was confirmed (6911) by the U.S. Senate on August 30, 1967. An official website of the United States government. Education: J.D., Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, May 1990 As the Court became increasingly conservative, Marshall found himself dissenting in numerous cases regarding racial discrimination. "[11]:175, According to Ball, Marshall felt that the rights protected by the First Amendment were the Constitution's most important principles and that they could be restricted only for extremely compelling reasons. The Earl Carl Institute for Legal and Social Policy, Inc. Institute for International & Immigration Law, Standards 301(a), 309(b) and 501(b); Interpretations 501-1 and 501-2, About theThurgood Marshall School of Law, Enrollment data and attrition/graduation information. A pragmatic judicial activist, he was committed to making the U.S. Constitution work; most illustrative of his approach was his attempt to fashion a sliding scale interpretation of the equal protection clause that would weigh the objectives of the government against the nature and interests of the groups affected by the law.
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