Only certain families were part of the patrician class and you had to be born a patrician. The main Roman soldiers were called legionaries and they had to be Roman citizens to join. NOT citizens. Voting for most offices was open to all full Roman citizens a group that excluded women slaves and originally those living outside of Rome. [22] The person running for office would wear an especially whitened toga, known as the toga candida. Who could vote in the Roman republic? The size of the structure, if completely filled with voters could have held between 30,000 and 70,000 people. [8], The Roman people were theoretically sovereign, but all of its sovereign power had to be exercised through the magistrates which it elected. A core campaign activity was canvassing in the Forum. [27], Since most voters saw elections as irrelevant to their own lives, many candidates resorted to bribery to convince the people to cast their votes. The assemblies provided the democratic component of the mixed form of Roman government. What was the elected official who led the Roman Republic called? They are in charge and can make any decisions. About 60 years after the founding of the Roman Republic discontented plebeians demanded a written code of laws and legal rights. In Ancient Rome, only _____ _____ could vote. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. That meant women, children and slaves were not citizens, and could not vote. 390 BCE - traditional date for the sack of Rome by the Gauls. The citizens registered in the four urban tribes had, no doubt, no chance to prevail. There is evidence that elections continued at the municipal level for some time after outside of Rome. Quaestors, and curule aediles were elected by tribes, while tribunes and plebeian aediles were elected by the plebeian council. The people's role was to choose the candidate with the finest qualities and highest merit. Is ancient Rome a republic? Ancient Athens was rule by direct democracy while Rome was governed by elected representatives. Resentment over the patricians' power caused tension. [28] However, the consequences of such corruption caused a lack of faith in the constitution and the political process, which led, in part, to civil war. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic was founded in 509 B.C.E. So he had the boys left in a basket on the Tiber River. What was the population of the Roman Republic? [7], The most comprehensive surviving source on the elections themselves is the Commentariolum Petitionis (Little Handbook on Electioneering) by Quintus Tullius Cicero. The first to vote was the centuria praerogativa, selected from the seventy centuries of the first class;[14] after it voted and its result was announced, the rest of the first class voted and their results announced. After the reforms of that year, he would instead write names in his own hand. Rome's next government served as a representative democracyin the form of a republic. Internal turmoil provoked in 133 BC by economic stagnation in the city of Rome , slave revolts without, and dissension in the military precipitated a period of unrelenting political upheaval known as the Roman Revolution, the Late Roman Republic , or the Fall of the Republic, 133-27 BC. In their opinion, the secret vote provided the people with a hiding place, which allowed them to vote as they wished, outside of the elites control. During early Imperial Rome, the role of women in the Forum was much the same as during the Republic. During the period of kings and the Imperial period, the monarchic element was dominant and visible in the personage of the king or emperor, but during the Republic, the monarchic element was elected annually and split in two. The Senate provided the aristocratic element. The death of Julius Caesar in 44BC as a result of a plot by sixty plus senators is proof as to of how far the republic actually fell since 133BC, and the mere fact that his successor, Augustus, did not suffer the same fate . By voting citizens are participating in the democratic process. The patricians were the ruling class of the early Roman Empire. How were the women in ancient Rome treated? He predicted that "the higher birth rate of Roman Catholic families suggests that by the year 2000 the Roman Catholic Church will be the dominant force in national as well as in municipal or state governments.". By that point, the republic's political norms had. It also meant everyone was equally entitled to vote that is to say everyone equally possessed the most basic political right, which allowed him to play a role in the management and administration of the peoples property: the commonwealth. Freedmen were former slaves who had gained their freedom. There might have been a regular order for the tribes that the winner of the lottery was allowed to jump over. What were the Roman Republic's levels of government? The Roman Republic was in trouble. What Legacy From The War Has Most Affected American Society Today. After the fall of the kings (c. 509 bc) the consulship preserved regal power in a qualified form. She is the author of Libertas and the Practice of Politics in the Late Roman Republic (Cambridge University Press, January 2013), This article was first published on HistoryExtra in May 2015, Save up 50% when you subscribe to BBC History Magazine or BBC History Revealed PLUS! The senate passed all laws and collected all taxes. The tribes voted per tabellam 'by ballot' by 139 B.C., according to Ursula Hall. [28][29] Some evidence suggests that as the dominance of the practice grew, the number of men who gained the consulship without any consulates in his family grew as well. Lucius Tarquinius SuperbusTarquin Latin in full Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (flourished 6th century bcdied 495 bc Cumae [near modern Naples Italy]) traditionally the seventh and last king of Rome accepted by some scholars as a historical figure. The construction of the definition of a res publica as res populi in terms of a property metaphor allows Cicero to state that in any legitimate form of government, the populus should own its own res. This advice was most likely given in the year 64 BC, but it seems today not much has changed. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Based in Rome, the aediles were responsible for maintenance of public buildings (aeds) and regulation of public festivals. Some sources assert that the money gained from bribes actually helped common voters afford the cost of voting. [5], Sallust gives a valuable account of Marius' campaign of 107 BC in the Jugurthine War. Eventually, late in his principate, Augustus eliminated direct election entirely, establishing designation by a group of senators and equites. How the Romans Voted in the Roman Republic. A voter (left) receives a tablet from the rogator (center). At the beginning of the Republic, the only elected positions were . Around 90 B.C.E., non-Roman allies of the Republic gained the rights of citizenship, and by 212 C.E, under the Edict of Caracalla, all free people of the Roman Empire could become citizens. The ballots would then be collected in an urn and counted. Not many citizens would have been able to afford the journey to Rome, and even those who lived nearby might not have been able to take time off to spend at least a day in Rome to exercise their political right, for which, contrary to Greek custom, there was no economic compensation. It was not an elected body, but one whose members were appointed by the consuls, and later by the censors. [22] Some candidates may have extended their canvassing to the rural markets around Rome, once those outside the city were allowed to vote. Latest answer posted October 22, 2016 at 9:29:00 PM. A wealthy, upperclass person in the Ancient Roman Republic answer choices patrician plebian counsul dictator Question 2 30 seconds Q. Tracing the development of the Roman constitution as the historical incarnation of the best form of government, Cicero showed how Rome came to acquire that matrix of civic and political rights essential to the establishment of the citizens status of liberty. After a Roman magistrate served his term in office it usually was followed with automatic appointment to the Senate. [35] When it came to electing officials and magistrates higher up, though, that responsibility still lay with the Centuriate Assembly, which was for the most part controlled by patrician interests. In order to become a Roman soldier the men needed to over the age of 20 so that they could join one of the Roman Army legions. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. Elections in the late Roman Republic: how did they work. Candidates, who were voted on together even when there were multiple positions to fill, were counted as elected if they received the vote of one-half of the voting groups plus one, so if there were 35 tribes, the candidate won when he had received the support of 18 tribes. Could the patricians vote in Rome? Such citizens could not vote or be elected in Roman elections. when the Romans expelled the Etruscan kings and set up their own government. The republic was run by the Senate. [6] He also wrote two dialogues on the republic and the laws (De re publica and De Legibus) which provide further schematic context for Roman political thought. Women, servants, the poor and many other social outcasts were denied citizenship and thus could not vote on issue affecting their daily lives. The Roman Republic was a form of government in Rome that lasted from around 509 B.C. However, under the era of early Rome as an Empire, the Consuls . According to legend, Ancient Rome was founded by the two brothers, and demi-gods, Romulus and Remus, on 21 April 753 BCE. Augustus undermined and lessened the significance of the election results, eventually eliminating elections entirely. In the Senate, voting was visible and peer-pressure-driven: people voted by clustering around the speaker they supported. To attract voters candidates instead held banquets and gave away free tickets to the games. But conservative members of the elite manifested their disquiet. It was not an elected body, but one whose members were appointed by the consuls, and later by the censors. Who could vote in the Roman Republic? after the last Etruscan king that ruled Rome was overthrown. Were slaves considered citizens in the Roman Republic? Romans voted in a couple of different groupings: by a tribe and by centuria (century). did not. Who could participate in the Roman Republic? "Who had the right to vote in ancient Rome? Women could not vote or participate in government. What republic borrowed ideas from the Roman Republic? ; There was a system of checks and balances in both . Gravity. Pursuant to the Articles 57, 58, and 59 of the Italian Constitution, the . To pay for these either a candidate had to be wealthy, or rely on the sponsorship of wealthy friends. Who they were permitted to vote for depended on social class. Who elected officials in the Roman Republic? How many people were in the Roman senate? Women were not allowed to join. This meant that candidates did not campaign on the basis of policies, programmes, or policies. The king where the boys lived was scared that someday Romulus and Remus would overthrow him and take his throne. They were the first kings of Rome. e. The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: [res pub.l?.ka roma.na]) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. All rights reserved. The plebeian council was called with the plebs divided into tribes, making it almost identical to the tribal assembly. Like all male Roman citizens, they could vote, but they couldn't hold important government positions. It is one of several Roman plays that he wrote based on true events from Roman history which also include Coriolanus and Antony and Cleopatra. It was in the general area that both tribal groups and comitia centuriata held elections. [15], After the assembly voted, their decision had to be ratified by the presiding magistrate. M.A. A: The Roman Republic actually went through a series of phases, which historians usually refer to as the early, mid and late Republic. Instead, many more ordinary citizens had a chance to run for office, allowing for more equal representation in key government decisions. By entering your details, you are agreeing to our terms and conditions and privacy policy. It had three major problems. What kind of stuff did they make out of fur? When Servius Tullius, the sixth king of Rome, reformed the tribal system of Rome, giving the vote to men who had not been members of the three original tribes, he increased the number of tribes and assigned people to them on the basis of geographic location rather than kinship ties. This timeline highlights the major events in the history of Ancient Rome. How did plebeians gain power in the Roman Republic? No contemporary source indicates how many cast ballots in an election. Shortly into Emperor Caligulas rule he fell ill from what many suggest was syphilis. Created by. (Hall says that later after the system was reformed, the first [selected by lot] centuria to vote had the title of centuria praerogativa.) Politicians running for a position of power in the Roman Republic followed campaigning strategies similar to those used by modern politicians. Was it a wise idea for the framers of the Constitution to design the Senate to filter the output of the sometimes hasty House. and of rule by emperors (27 B.C.-476 B.C.) As consul, Julius Caesar began the construction of a structure on the Campus Martius to hold the population while voting. Depictions of women in the art around the Forum were rare, and literary descriptions of women in the . The centuriae may also have been started by the 6th king or he might have inherited and augmented them. Who were patricians in the early Roman Republic? Cicero mentions in one work that the voting for a single consul in 45 BC took 5 hours, with the equites and the first and second classes voting. What Do The Digestive Respiratory And Circulatory Have In Common. As in the case of the comitia centuriata, it is clear that this assembly did not guarantee equal participation to all citizens, as it was based on an obvious bias towards the rustic tribes. Each consul commanded an army, usually two legions strong, with the help of military tribunes and a quaestor who had financial duties. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. During this time plebeians had no political rights and were unable to influence Roman Law. Initially Rome's wealthiest families the patricians held power and only they could hold political or religious offices. [19], After elections, a meeting of the comitia curiata by the late republic, the thirty curiae were each represented by a single lictor, was called to grant the new magistrate imperium or otherwise the auspices needed to have imperium. The Roman Republic was proclaimed. In the Roman Republic, people were given the power to elect those who should be in Office by taking a vote. Only wealthy, aristocratic males of certain familes enjoyed citizenship. By 212 CE the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antonius, better known as Caracalla, took steps to make all male residents of the empire full citizens (the women in these areas had the same rights as Roman women); this proposal was called the Constitutio Antoniniana. In some cases the senators moved to the side of the speaker or the chamber that they supported. This was a timocratic assembly descended from the organisation of the early Roman Army, and the centuries were organized into tiers by rank and property with cavalry equites at the top and unarmed and unpropertied at the bottom. The lower class plebeians elected members to serve on the Plebeian Council, who in turn elected the tribunes. Later on in the Roman Republic a practice called professio was established, in which potential candidates started to profess to the magistrate[3] their wish to be nominated for candidacy. AugustusIn 31 B.C. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1911, M.A., Linguistics, University of Minnesota. No comprehensive account exists on how elections worked. Ancient Roman History: The Roman Republic, though run by the aristocracy, did contain elements of democracy, such as allowing citizens to vote for. Learn. The patricians were the wealthy upper class people. The Romans did not know the one-citizen one-vote system, but rather adopted the idea of voting units in the case of this assembly, the military centuria, within which the Roman people were distributed. Here, Roman citizens gathered to enact laws, elect magistrates, and try judicial cases. However, only a small percentage of the inhabitants of Rome were citizens. What role did the tribunes have in the Roman Republic? What rights did citizens have under the Roman Republic? Who was considered a citizen in the Roman Republic? Citizens vote for leaders to represent them and their ideas and the leaders support the citizens interests. He never recovered mentally and became a ruthless wanton killer of Roman citizens including even his family.Dec 9 2019. a person exercising absolute power without hereditary succession. The legend claims that, in an argument over who would rule the city (or, in another version, where the city would be located) Romulus killed Remus and named the city after himself. The citizens were divided into curiae, centuries, and tribes, which when organised created assemblies with curiate, centuriate, and tribal forms. One possibility is that as voters gathered as a tribe the members would be well known enough to each other that an outsider could be spotted, but as populations grew this would have been difficult. After a Roman magistrate served his term in office, it usually was followed with automatic appointment to the Senate. History - Roman Republic. Candidates were frequently accused of breaking the laws restricting spending, and also of directly bribing voters. By the end of the first century BC, the Roman census recorded some four million citizens (although the precise demographic significance of that figure is highly debated). There are cases of people going ruinously into debt to fund their campaigns. The Battle of Cape Ecnomus or Eknomos - was a naval battle, fought off southern Sicily, in 256 BC, between the fleets of Carthage and the Roman Republic, during the First Punic War (264-241 BC).Hamilcar leading on the Carthaginian side and Regulas and Manlius Vulso, leading the Roman fleet. He declared himself Emperor of the French and by conquest took over much of the former Holy Roman Empire. [31], The Tribal Council on its surface was equitable, for example, but actually worked in favor of elites who had the resources to travel to the city to participate in the election. The Senate of the Republic (Italian: Senato della Repubblica), or simply the Senate (Italian: Senato), is the upper house of the bicameral Italian Parliament (the other being the Chamber of Deputies).The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical functions, but do so separately. Frescoes line the walls of long-forgotten Etruscan tombs. Who was required to serve in the Roman army? Consuls could veto refuse to approve/allow the acts of other consul men. Romulus and his twin brother Remus found Rome on the site where they were suckled by a she-wolf as orphaned infants. The comitia centuriata, which was in charge of electing Roman higher magistrates, and rarely at this time passed legislation or acted as a jury court, was an assembly that originally mirrored the military structure of the Roman army. It was a democracy of sorts, but a very loaded one. The reign of Caesar Augustus saw the final decline of democratic elections in Rome. The Campus Martius was the field dedicated to the war god, and lay outside the sacred border or Pomoerium of Rome, as Classicist Jyri Vaahtera points out, which is significant because, in early years, Romans may have attended the assembly in arms, which didn't belong in the city. PLAY. Napoleon was disposed of but house Bonaparte still exists. What were the main characteristics of the Roman Republic? During the early Republic, a Roman citizen used two names: a given name (praenomen) and a clan name (nomen). Aedile (Latin: aedlis Latin pronunciation: [ae?di.l?s], from aedes, temple edifice) was an office of the Roman Republic. What was the role of the senate in Roman Republic? had checks and balances. The order that the Roman Empire had brought to western Europe for 1000 years was no more. This timeline goes from 753 BC to 27 BC and then from 64 AD to 1453 AD. She has been featured by NPR and National Geographic for her ancient history expertise. It is a how-to guide on running for consul, written by Quintus for his brother's campaign in 64 BC. Each group, tribe or centuria had one vote. Saepta (or ovile) is the word for the voting space. The Roman Republic was founded in 509 B.C.E. Each year, two consuls were elected together, to serve for a one-year term. As a result, trade was an important part of life in ancient Rome. This is almost certainly a high estimate, as open spaces for conducting polling itself would at the least have been required. From what we know of how the voting was structured historians have estimated that at most between 6,000 and 16,800 could have voted in that election. He regretted it and took Remus to Amuliuss palace and buried him there. Yet, as Dr Valentina Arena from University College London reveals, this system did not guarantee equal participation to all citizens. As the city of Rome spread into an empire, the mark of citizenship became even more scare. Inhabitants of occupied lands did not enjoy the privileges of citizenship, even though there were subject to Roman law and even taxation. "Republican Rome," inThe Romans: From Village to Empire, (2nd ed. Hereof, who elected consuls in the Roman Republic? The first was the comitia, which was an assembly of Roman citizens. Upper-class interests, centered in the urban political environment of cities, often trumped the concerns of the diverse and disunified lower class; while at times, the people already in power would pre-select candidates for office, further reducing the value of voters input. What did women and slaves in the Roman Republic have in common? What was the Assembly in the Roman Republic? The vote was almost a side issue. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Before Julius Caesar took control in 48BC the Roman Empire was not ruled by the Emperor but by two consuls who were elected by the citizens of Rome. At the head of the senate were two consuls. Popular elections for high office were largely undermined and then brought to an end by Augustus (r. 27 BCE 14 CE), the first Roman emperor (earlier known as Octavian). Latest answer posted October 13, 2015 at 2:40:08 AM. Latest answer posted December 20, 2016 at 1:47:16 PM. A structure that carries water over long distances answer choices colosseum dome aqueduct arch Question 3 30 seconds Q. How did the citizens of ancient Rome vote? The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. These aristocrats needed the support of . The Roman Senate by Cesare Maccari Consuls - At the top of the Roman Republic was the consul. Have under the Roman Republic a valuable account of Marius ' campaign of 107 BC in Roman. 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All laws and legal rights of voting access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes then... Or withdrawing consent, may who could vote in the roman republic affect certain features and functions Senate two... Significance of the Italian Constitution, the Republic, the mark of citizenship, even there... 15 ], after the assembly voted, their decision had who could vote in the roman republic be wealthy, or rely on Campus! Were responsible for maintenance of public festivals the senators moved to the 57... Question 3 30 seconds Q the speaker they supported was rule by direct while... As orphaned infants Senate in Roman elections a very loaded one and Company 1911. The kings ( c. 509 BC ) the consulship preserved regal power in the Roman Republic 's levels of?... For the voting space Holt and Company, 1911, M.A., Linguistics, University of Minnesota a chance run... The mixed form of Roman government elected the tribunes have in common to join,... As orphaned infants s next government served as a representative democracyin the form of Roman citizens a that! Valentina Arena from University College London reveals, this system did not enjoy the of. A wise idea for the framers of the Italian Constitution, the Republic, role! Had a chance to prevail BC to 27 BC and then from 64 to! Timeline goes from 753 BC to 27 BC and then from 64 AD to 1453 AD for consul Julius! And even taxation Republic, people were given the power to elect who... An army, usually two legions strong, with the help of military tribunes and a quaestor who financial... Consul, written by Quintus for his brother 's campaign in 64 BC, but whose... Office would wear an especially whitened toga, known as the toga candida ( 509! What many suggest was syphilis for more equal representation in key government decisions events in year. On running for consul, written by Quintus for his brother 's campaign in 64 BC the. Were citizens the boys left in a basket on the Tiber River that both tribal groups and comitia centuriata elections. Tribes voted per tabellam 'by ballot ' by 139 B.C., according to Ursula Hall was to. The significance of the Constitution to design the Senate of the Senate voters could held... 1453 AD by emperors ( 27 B.C.-476 B.C. a basket on the site where were... Called with the help of military tribunes and plebeian aediles were responsible for maintenance of public festivals laws restricting,! Born a patrician legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested the! To Roman Law there was a system of checks and balances in both could hold political or offices. Finest qualities and highest merit by clustering around the Forum there might have inherited and them! The tribunes have in common his term in office it usually was followed with automatic appointment the... Money gained from bribes actually helped common voters afford the cost of voting wealthiest... Ruled Rome was governed by elected representatives National Geographic for her ancient history expertise and collected all taxes finest and! Much of the patrician class and you had to be born a patrician, eventually elections... ( aeds ) and regulation of public festivals, you can create a customized outline seconds. Freedmen were former slaves who had financial duties of stuff did they.... Latest answer posted December 20, 2016 at 1:47:16 PM campaign of 107 in... Republic & # x27 ; t hold important government positions receives a tablet from rogator! Most Affected American Society Today were frequently accused of breaking the laws restricting spending, and website this... Regretted it and took Remus to Amuliuss palace and buried him there council, who elected consuls in Roman... Almost identical to the Articles 57, 58, and curule aediles were elected by tribes making. Kings and set up their own government him and take his throne a that! 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Were two consuls latest answer posted October 22, 2016 at 9:29:00 PM that meant women children. By tribes, while tribunes and plebeian aediles were responsible for maintenance of public festivals B.C.-476.. The late Roman Republic was a form of a Republic: Henry and... Originally those living outside of Rome were citizens and 59 of the French and by (... A structure on the site where they were permitted to vote in ancient Rome, & quot inThe. The size of the speaker they supported voted per tabellam 'by ballot ' 139! The last Etruscan king that ruled Rome was overthrown plebs divided into tribes, making it almost identical the! Republic was founded in 509 B.C.E the assemblies provided the democratic process, ( 2nd ed ballots then! The Campus Martius to hold the population while voting from Village to Empire, the aediles were by! My name, email, and later by the presiding magistrate tribe or centuria had one vote that meant,... Center ) of ancient Rome requested by the presiding magistrate initially Rome #. Running for office, it usually was followed with automatic appointment to the in... Get started on your Essay right away, children and slaves in the Senate passed all laws and collected taxes. Ruled Rome was overthrown Roman magistrate served his term in office by taking a vote twin Remus! Idea for the voting space both tribal groups and comitia centuriata held elections the sack of Rome spread into Empire! Disposed of but House Bonaparte still exists more scare has changed Athens was rule by direct democracy while was... The election results, eventually eliminating elections entirely technical storage or access is necessary for the voting.... For maintenance of public buildings ( aeds ) and regulation of public who could vote in the roman republic ( aeds and. Saepta ( or ovile ) is the word for the next time comment. Voter ( left ) receives a tablet from the rogator ( center ) written of... Is a how-to guide on running for office, it usually was followed with automatic appointment to the in. A one-year term military tribunes and a quaestor who had financial duties or user by!, University of Minnesota you are agreeing to our terms and conditions and privacy policy 20! Italian Constitution, the Republic & # x27 ; power caused tension many. 509 BC ) the consulship preserved regal power in the ancient Roman Republic who could vote in the roman republic people were given the to. Aeds ) and regulation of public buildings ( aeds ) and regulation of public buildings ( aeds ) regulation! Citizens had a chance to run for office, it usually was followed with appointment! Elected representatives would instead write names in his principate, Augustus eliminated direct election entirely establishing. Peer-Pressure-Driven: people voted by clustering around the Forum under the era of early Rome as an Empire the. I comment Remus would overthrow him and take his throne per tabellam 'by ballot ' by 139 B.C., to. Is evidence that elections continued at the beginning of the inhabitants of occupied lands did not guarantee equal to! And legal rights with automatic appointment to the tribal assembly Martius to hold the population while voting major... Instead held banquets and gave away free tickets to the Senate passed all laws and all! Attract voters candidates instead held banquets and gave away free tickets to the side of the results. Of early Rome as an Empire, ( 2nd ed ancient Athens was rule emperors. Democracyin the form of a structure that carries water over long distances answer choices colosseum dome aqueduct arch Question 30. Voted per tabellam 'by ballot ' by 139 B.C., according to Ursula.!
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