Incandescent luminaires with open or partially enclosed lamps and pendant luminaires or lampholders shall not be permitted. Keep in mind, inspectors often do not see these issues during our visits, but we can only inspect what is on the job when we are there. This commonly happens when the luminaires are supplied from a foreign manufacturer that is not familiar with our product certification requirements. The idea with this code requirement is that we dont want a heat source, the luminaire, to be in contact with anything that may be stored there. Flexible cords shall be secured to the under sides of showcases such that all of the following conditions are ensured: The wiring is not exposed to physical damage. Grounding. Wiring of luminaires. Locations Not Permitted. Connection of portable luminaires, portable and mobile signs, or appliances. This restriction is not required if the luminaire (fixture) is installed in poured concrete and is approved for this use or when the luminaire (fixture) by construction design provides characterisitics that are equivalent to thermally protected characteristics, and are identified as such. It is part of the National Fire Code series published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), a private trade association. However, I challenge you to always open your code book and follow along with the article to get the whole story. Fortunately, the code gives us a great diagram with dimensions that is much easier to understand. Circuit breakers Circuit breakers must be capable of being opened and closed by hand. If you see some round insulation pieces with foil on one side laying on the ground in rooms that have surface-mounted fixtures, have the electrician drop the fixture and see if the remnants of some insulation are still glued to the top of the fixture. Luminaire Stems. 410.70 Combustible Shades and Enclosures. Also in part (B), the clearance to any insulation is required to be at least 3 inches. Lets examine the requirements of the NEC, IES, and other standards. Transformers of the oil-filled type shall not be used. Heres a question you might have heard: where in the code do we cover holiday lighting? from the sides and back of the closet walls, respectively, and continuing vertically to the closet ceiling parallel to the walls at a horizontal distance of 300 mm (12 in.) Such tap conductors shall be in suitable raceway or Type AC or MC cable of at least 450 mm (18 in.) Decorative Lighting and Similar Accessories, Annex C. Conduit and Tubing Fill Tables for Conductors and Fixture Wires of the Same Size, Pocket Guide to the National Electrical Code(R), 2005 Edition (8th Edition), Article 410 Luminaires (Lighting Fixtures), Lampholders, and Lamps, Article 110 Requirements for Electrical Installations, Article 200 Use and Identification of Grounded Conductors, Article 220 Branch-Circuit, Feeder, and Service Calculations, Article 225 Outside Branch Circuits and Feeders, Article 285 Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors (TVSSs), Article 310 Conductors for General Wiring, Article 312 Cabinets, Cutout Boxes, and Meter Socket Enclosures, Article 314 Outlet, Device, Pull, and Junction Boxes; Conduit Bodies; Fittings; and Handhole Enclosures, Article 322 Flat Cable Assemblies Type FC, Article 324 Flat Conductor Cable Type FCC, Article 326 Integrated Gas Spacer Cable Type IGS, Article 332 Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Cable Type MI, Article 334 Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable Types NM, NMC, and NMS, Article 336 Power and Control Tray Cable Type TC, Article 338 Service-Entrance Cable Types SE and USE, Article 340 Underground Feeder and Branch-Circuit Cable Type UF, Article 342 Intermediate Metal Conduit Type IMC, Article 348 Flexible Metal Conduit Type FMC, Article 350 Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit Type LFMC, Article 352 Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit Type RNC, Article 353 High Density Polyethylene Conduit Type HDPE Conduit, Article 354 Nonmetallic Underground Conduit with Conductors Type NUCC, Article 356 Liquidtight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit Type LFNC, Article 358 Electrical Metallic Tubing Type EMT, Article 360 Flexible Metallic Tubing Type FMT, Article 362 Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing Type ENT, Article 374 Cellular Metal Floor Raceways, Article 394 Concealed Knob-and-Tube Wiring, Article 406: Receptacles, Cord Connectors, and Attachment Plugs (Caps), Article 408: Switchboards and Panelboards, Article 410: Luminaires (Lighting Fixtures), Lampholders, and Lamps, Article 411: Lighting Systems Operating at 30 Volts or Less, Article 424: Fixed Electric Space Heating Equipment, Article 426: Fixed Outdoor Electric De-Icing and Snow-Melting Equipment, Article 427: Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for Pipelines and Vessels, Article 430: Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers, Article 440: Air Conditioning and Refrigerating Equipment, Article 500 Hazardous (Classified) Locations, Classes I, II, and III, Divisions 1 and 2, Article 645 Information Technology Equipment, Article 701 Legally Required Standby Systems, Annex C. Conduit and Tubing Fill Tables for Conductors and Fixture Wires of the Same Size, Example No. Canopies and outlet boxes taken together shall provide sufficient space so that luminaire conductors and their connecting devices are capable of being installed in accordance with 314.16. In Article 100 we find the definition for a clothes closet, which is a non-habitable room or space intended primarily for the storage of garments and apparel. External wiring is not permitted except chain-supported luminaires (fixtures). One of the requirements is that these units must have a thermal protection device that will disconnect the lamp if the temperature limit is exceeded. One note Id like to add regarding these inspections. The basic rule here is that a pole shall have a handhole that is 2 inches by 4 inches with a suitable cover for wet locations. He holds ten inspections certifications from IAEI and ICC. The bushing shall be of insulating material unless a jacketed type of cord is used. When doing final inspections after the fixtures have been installed, please take a minute to look around. Outlet Boxes. Conductors shall be arranged so that the weight of the luminaire or movable parts does not put tension on the conductors. Also, locations such as those that are corrosive or within ducts or hoods each have limitations you will want to review within 410.10 if inspecting these areas. nec article 410 contains requirements for installingcushion foundation case Special Provisions for Electric-Discharge Lighting Systems of 1000 Volts or Less. All recessed incandescent luminaires (fixtures) must have thermal protection. The free lead at the end of a group of showcases has a female fitting not extending beyond the case. The canopyshall be permitted to include a section of raceway not over150 mm (6 in.) Support. This article continues to grow as new lighting technology is developed. Part II of Article 410 deals with locations of luminaires and some of the conditions related to certain locations due to the hazards that may be involved. Electric-discharge luminaires equipped with a flanged surface inlet shall be permitted to be supplied by cord pendants equipped with cord connectors. You probably guessedit is the last item in Article 410, and it states that holiday lighting shall be in accordance with Article 590.3(B). Egress Luminaires. Exposed Components. The switch or circuit breaker shall be located within sight from the luminaires or lamps, or it shall be permitted to be located elsewhere if it is lockable in accordance with 110.25. 410.10 (D) Bathtub and Shower Areas. The first requirement is that it is to be installed permanently and permanently connected to a branch circuit. Enterprise Application Integration: New Solutions for a Solved Problem or a Challenging Research Field? Generally, the first 4 foot section will have two supports and then an additional support for each 4 foot section added. The load and the branch-circuit rating cannot exceed the rating of the track. for a fluorescent luminaire (fixture). This type of luminaire (fixture) must comply with Sections 410.65 through 410-72. Exception No. NEC Article 410 contains requirements for installing recessed lighting fixtures causing them to emit electrons? No parts of cord-connected luminaires, chain-, cable, or cord-suspended luminaires, lighting track, pendants, or ceiling-suspended (paddle) fans shall be located within a zone measured 900 mm (3 ft) horizontally and 2.5 m (8 ft) vertically from the top of the bathtub rim or shower stall threshold. Splices and taps shall not be located within luminaire arms or stems. Recessed high-intensity luminaires designed to be installed in wall or ceiling cavities shall have thermal protec tion and be identified as thermally protected. No solder shall be used in the construction of a luminaire recessed housing. The equipment grounding conductor c. A recessed remote ballast for a high-intensity discharge luminaire shall have thermal protec tion that is integral with the ballast and shall be identified as thermally protected. Construction of Luminaires (Fixtures), Electric-Discharge Lamp Auxiliary Equipment, XI. Luminaires identified for through- wiring, as permitted by 410.21, shall be permitted to be used as a raceway. If you see a cord plugged into a device on a trackthat is a violation. Wiring Supplying Luminaires (Fixtures) Connected Together, VII. Outlet boxes or fittings installed as required by 314.23 and complying with the provisions of 314.27(A)(1) and 314.27(A)(2) shall be permitted to support luminaires. The National Electrical Code (NEC), or NFPA 70, is a regionally adoptable standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment in the United States. Secondary Connections. The track system ends shall be insulated and capped. Part XV. Transformers shall be installed as near to the lamps as practicable to keep the secondary conduc tors as short as possible. Article 410 is another example of an article in Chapter 4 of the NEC that often doesn't get a lot of emphasis from multi-trade inspectors. Surface-mounted fluorescent or LED luminaires shall be permitted to be installed within the closet storage space where identified for this use. 110.2]. A ballast in a fluorescent luminaire that is used for egress lighting and energized only during a fail ure of the normal supply shall not have thermal protection. Protection Through Metal. Luminaires Near Combustible Material. The purpose of the NEC is to provide electrical installation requirements that protect persons and property from electrical hazards arising from the use of electricity. Additional Requirements. 3: Where no equipment grounding conductor exists at the outlet, replacement luminaires that are GFCI protected shall not be required to be connected to an equipment grounding conductor. Chapter 3: Wiring Methods and Materials. Lighting track shall not be installed in the following locations: Where likely to be subjected to physical damage, Where extended through walls or partitions, Less than 1.5 m (5 ft) above the finished floor except where protected from physical damage or track operating at less than 30 volts rms open-circuit voltage. Provided with Mogul-Base, Screw Shell Lampholders. 410.59 Cord-Connected Showcases. Type. The NEC Wiki|powered by theWikiWP theme andWordPress. Insulating joints that are not designed to be mounted with screws or bolts shall have an exterior metal casing, insulated from both screw connections. but not more than 1.8 m (6 ft) in length. 410.110 General. IAEIs Online Training allows you to learn at your own pace or live with an expert instructor, from the comfort of your laptop or PC. The electrical service equipment b. The conductors shall be installed within the track housing, permit ting insertion of a luminaire, and designed to prevent tamper ing and accidental contact with live parts. A pole with a hinged base shall have the equipment grounding terminal accessible within the base.Exception to (3): No grounding terminal shall be required in a pole2.5 m (8 ft) or less in height abovegrade where the supply wiring method continues without splice or pull, and where the interior of the pole and any splices are accessible by removing the luminaire. This change happened several code cycles ago, and at the time it caused confusion for those in the electrical industry. The National Electrical Code (NEC), or NFPA 70, is a regionally adoptable standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment in the United States. Listed clips identified for use with the type of ceiling framing member(s) and lumin aire(s) shall also be permitted. The clearance between the luminaire (fixture) and nearest point of storage must be 300 mm (12 in.) . Mechanical connection to an equipment grounding conductor in accordance with Sections 250.118 and 250.122. 410.10 Luminaires in Specific Locations (A) Wet and Damp Locations Luminaires installed in wet or damp locations shall be installed such that water cannot enter or accumulate in wiring compartments, lampholders, or other electrical parts. Within Sight or Locked Type. In dwelling units and guest rooms or guest suites of hotels, motels, and similar occupancies, the voltage shall not exceed 120 volts, nominal, between conduc tors that supply the terminals of the following: Luminaires Cord-and-plug-connected loads 1440 volt-amperes, nomi nal, or less or less than 14 hp 120 Volts Between Conductors. When these 4 inch units are IC rated, they look like a can within a box design, and they are typically more expensive when compared to the non-IC rated units. Suspended Ceilings. Multiwire Branch Circuits. The vertical location of the kitchen countertop receptacles is addressed in 210.52 (C) (5); they are not permitted more than 20 inches above the countertop. Luminaires listed and marked for use as a raceway shall be permitted to be used as a raceway. He has been a master electrician since 1988. Chain-supported lumin aires used in a show window shall be permitted to be externally wired. Lighting track cannot be used in the following locations: where it can be subject to physical damage; in damp or wet locations; in storage battery rooms; where subject to corrosive vapors; where concealed, in hazardous (classified) locations; where extended through walls or partitions; less than 1.5 m (5 ft.) above the finished floor unless it is protected from physical damage or operating at less than 30 volts rms open-circuit volts, and where prohibited by 410.4(D). In a completed installa tion, each outlet box shall be provided with a cover unless covered by means of a luminaire canopy, lampholder, recepta cle, or similar device. Exposed accessible terminals in lampholders and switches shall not be installed in metal luminaire canopies or in open bases of portable table or floor luminaires.Exception: Cleat-type lampholders located at least 2.5 m (8 ft) above the. So at first, the contractor had to field install these devices, but eventually manufacturers started to ship units with the disconnects installed. For example, if we install an 8-inch diameter drum type fixture that uses incandescent lamps, we find that the fixture must have a 12-inch clearance to the storage location. Integral Thermal Protection. Exception No. NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC) Softbound Order the reorganized and updated NFPA 70 , National Electrical Code (NEC ), 2023 edition, today and get the latest requirements for electrical installations. Elevator cables. 400.10 Uses Permitted (A) Uses Flexible cords and flexible cables shall be used only for the following: Pendants. Lampholders Near Combustible Material. Parts of the luminaire exposed within the hood shall be corrosion resistant or protected against corrosion, and the surface shall be smooth so as not to collect deposits and to facilitate cleaning. The NEC specifies a few requirements for outlet boxes, inspection, suspended ceilings, luminaire (fixture) studs, insulating joints, raceway fittings, busways, and trees. They look the same in size and design, especially during construction. The code has a specific set of dimensions for storage space with an explanatory diagram. Therefore, a requirement was added to include a lens to prevent this occurrence. Equipment other than showcases shall not be electrically connected to showcases. Informational Note: Combustible low-density cellulose fiber board includes sheets, panels, and tiles that have a density of 320 kg/m3(20 lb/ft3) or less and that are formed of bonded plant fiber material but does not include solid or laminated wood or fiberboard that has a density in excess of 320 kg/m3(20 lb/ft3) or is a material that has been integrally treated with fire-retarding chemicals to the degree that the flame spread index in any plane of the material will not exceed 25, deter mined in accordance with tests for surface burning characteris tics of building materials. A common problem here is that a contractor will use a particular brand of recessed can, and then trim them out with a different brand of trim; since those items were not tested together, this is a violation of the IC listing of the recessed can. Temperature. Inlets and connectors shall be permitted to be of a lower ampere rating than the branch circuit but not less than 125 percent of the luminaire load current. (A) General. These changes can be found in Article 690, Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. Luminaires subject to physical damage, using a mercury vapor or metal halide lamp, installed in playing and spectator seating areas of indoor sports, mixed-use, or all- purpose facilities shall be of the type that protects the lamp with a glass or plastic lens. The issue here is that these luminaires have the possibility of generating a lot of heat, and the lamp is designed to be installed inside a metallic housing, which is then installed at the top of a room in the ceiling. from combustible material and at least 75 mm (3 in.) Heavy-duty lighting track is lighting track identified for use exceeding 20 amperes. Listing Required. Excess wiring shall be avoided. (C) Luminaire (Fixture) Types Not Permitted. for surface-mounted incandescent or LED luminaires with a completely enclosed light source installed on the wall above the door or on the ceiling. Luminaires and lighting equipment shall be grounded as required in Article 250 and Part V of this article. Exception No. General II. Support of Exposed Cable for PV Systems: Requirements and Recommendations, Baby, Its Cold OutsideBut the House is Warm and Electrically Safe, Grounding and Bonding Devices and Splicing Connectors for the Line Side of the Service, NEC Rapid Shutdown Requirements and UL 3741, Basic three-phase power measurements explained, Electricians Adapt to Increased Growth in Lighting Technologies. 410.54 Pendant Conductors for Incandescent Filament Lamps. Luminaire studs that are not a part of outlet boxes, hickeys, tripods, and crowfeet shall be made of steel, malleable iron, or other material suitable for the applica tion. Another requirement is that track fittings are not to be equipped with general purpose receptacles, which would make them more like a branch circuit. Twisted or Cabled. You might ask why this requirement applies to double ended lamp units only. Conductors in vertical poles used as raceway shall be supported as provided in 300.19. These must be unswitched lampholders. Use Table 402.5 for 18-16 AWG conductors. Construction of Flush and Recessed Luminaires (Fixtures), XIII. If we miss this, then there may be an issue that can lead to a fire. Stranded conductors shall be used for wiring on luminaire chains and on other movable or flexible parts. 410.14 Luminaires in Show Windows. III. A luminaire that weighs more than 3 kg (6 lb) or exceeds 400 mm (16 in.) Rating. Live Parts. If you try to read the definition, it might be a little confusing trying to imagine the shape from the language. 410.64 Luminaires as Raceways. Luminaires shall be securely fastened to the ceiling framing member by mechanical means such as bolts, screws, or rivets. Exit Luminaires. 1: No handhole shall be required in a pole 2.5 m (8 ft) or less in height abovegrade where the supply wiring method continues without splice or pull point, and where the interior of the pole and any splices are accessible by removing the luminaire.Exception No. A luminaire shall be permitted to be connected witha cord terminating in a grounding-type attachment plug orbusway plug. For inspections related to location of a luminaire within a closet, we cant install the luminaire within the modified cube shape described in the definition. The solution we found was to have the carpenter install fire blocking above the luminaire to prevent insulation from coming down into any architectural area where the luminaires were installed. Part XII. Luminaires (Fixtures) Near Combustible Material. Space for Conductors. However, the requirements within this article are important to know and enforce. Insulating Joints. The luminaire (fixture) construction must ensure that the combustible material will not be subjected to temperatures over 194F. I should mention here that we use the term luminaires as a more international reference to lighting fixtures. Fastening. Wet and Damp Locations. Luminaires shall be installed such that the connections between the luminaire conductors and the circuit conductors can be inspected without requiring the disconnec. Part IV is titled Luminaire Supports. See Figure 410.2. Metallic guards shall be grounded by means of an equip ment grounding conductor run with circuit conductors within the power-supply cord. Where they are not internal, they shall be a single device and attached to the luminaire or within sight. Many times workers who are shocked dont die from the electrocution, but from the fall. The line side terminals of the disconnecting means shall be guarded.Exception No. Remember that this is a minimum requirement, and the weight of some of the track luminaires with fluorescent (ballast) or LED drivers may be quite heavy. Article 411 addresses lighting systems operating at 30V or less. So on a non-IC type we must have a 1/2 inch space from any recessed parts to combustibles, excluding the support or finish trims. Disconnection. The vertical location of the kitchen countertop receptacles is addressed in 210.52 (C) (5); they are not permitted more than 20 inches above the countertop. Lampholders in Wet or Damp Locations. Lumin aires with exposed metal parts shall be provided with a means for connecting an equipment grounding conductor for such luminaires. The minimum clearance between luminaires installed in clothes closets and the nearest point of a closet stor age space shall be as follows: 300 mm (12 in.) 2: Replacement luminaires shall be permitted to connect an equipment grounding conductor from the outlet in compliance with 250.130(C). This presents a problem, and typically necessitates a field evaluation and listing. Voltage. Wiring methods and materials supplying the luminaire(s) shall not be exposed within the cooking hood. ), or more than 300 mm (12 in.) Provisions at Luminaire (Fixture) Outlet Boxes, Canopies, and Pans, Temperature Limit of Conductors in Outlet Boxes, Covering of Combustible Material at Outlet Boxes, Connection of Electric-Discharge Luminaires (Lighting Fixtures). Outdoor luminaires and associated equipment shall be permitted to be supported by trees. Where supplied by the ungrounded conduc tors of a circuit, the switching device of auxiliary equipment shall simultaneously disconnect all conductors. Part X. No parts of cord-connected luminaires, chain-, cable-, or cord-suspended luminaires, light ing track, pendants, or ceiling-suspended (paddle) fans shall be. Tap Conductors. In 410.16, Clearance and Installation, the requirements are covered depending on the type of luminaire. Conductors that have insulation suitable for the temperature encountered shall be used. Article 110 of the National Electrical Code (NEC) covers the general requirements for the examination and approval, installation and use, access to, and spaces about electrical equipment. (C) In Ducts or Hoods. (B) Luminaire (Fixture) Types Permitted. Professional. Where supplied by the ungrounded conductors of a circuit, the switching device of lampholders of the switched type shall simultaneously disconnect both conductors of the circuit. The means for providing illumination has gone through numerous changes over the centuries, from oil lamps to incandescent bulbs, to fluorescent tubes and LEDs. a. Combustible Material. The volume bounded by the sides and back closet walls and planes extending from the closet floor vertically to a height of 1.8 m (6 ft) or to the highest clothes- hanging rod and parallel to the walls at a horizontal distance of 600 mm (24 in.) 410.160 Listing of Decorative Lighting. The luminaires shall be marked for dc operation. Transformers shall be enclosed, identified for the use, and listed. NEC Article 410 contains requirements for installing recessed lighting fixtures which of the following contain ballasts that provide high voltage across the lamp's electrodes at startup, causing then to emit electrons? One word of caution with IC rated cans: make sure the proper size lamp and the matching trim is used, as these are tested using specific lamp and trim combinations to insure they do not overheat. Conductors shall be secured in a manner that does not tend to cut or abrade the insulation. The raceway used for the tap conductor must be at least 450 mm (18 in.) D2(a) Optional Calculation for One-Family Dwelling Heating Larger than Air Conditioning [See Section 220.82], Example No. NEC Article 410 contains requirements for installing recessed lighting fixtures which of the following contain ballasts that provide high voltage across the lamp's electrodes at startup, causing then to emit electrons? This often leads to problems, such as when we have special luminaires used inside casinos, hotels and other large facilities where the units are actually a piece of artwork with lights attached. Luminaires that have exposed ballasts, transformers, LED drivers, or power supplies shall be installed such that ballasts, transformers, LED drivers, or power supplies shall not be in contact with combustible material unless listed for such condition. long and not more than 1.8 m (6 ft.) long, be a suitable raceway or the tap conductor must be Type AC or MC cable. Electric-Discharge Lamp Auxiliary Equipment. What about single pin lamps? Fire-Resistant Construction. D5(a) Multifamily Dwelling Served at 208Y/120 Volts, Three Phase, Example No. Another issue when doing inspections is verifying that the required insulation clearances are present. Everyone knows what a closet is, right? Electric-discharge luminaires provided with mogul-base, screw shell lampholders shall be permitted to be connected tobranch circuits of 50 amperes or less by cords complying with240.5. The terminals of an electric- discharge lamp shall be considered as energized where any lamp terminal is connected to a circuit of over 300 volts. a disconnecting means either internal or external to each luminaire (fixture), to disconnect simultaneously from the source of supply all conductors of the ballast, including the grounded conductor if any. At 208Y/120 Volts, Three Phase, Example No ) connected Together, VII insulating unless... A device on a trackthat is a violation clearance between the luminaire ( fixture ) Types permitted switching. 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Of an equip ment grounding conductor from the electrocution, but from outlet. Source installed on the ceiling to understand bolts, screws, or rivets use as raceway.
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