Administrative Divisions and Military Regions [citation needed]. Tlie major shift has been the increase in military and General Nguyn Vn Thiu then led the country after a US-encouraged civilian presidential election from 1967 until 1975. war years. Its top imported goods include integrated circuits ($9.6 billion), telephones ($8.22 billion), refined petroleum ($7.81 billion), light rubberized knitted fabric ($2.96 billion), and flat-rolled steel ($1.98 billion). Two other recent developments also have contributed to the WebAlthough Vietnam's economy, which continues to expand at an annual rate in excess of 7 percent, is one of the fastest-growing in the world, the economy is growing from an Despite the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020, the country was one of the few economies that recorded He asked voters to approve a republic, thus removing Bo i as head of state. South Vietnam has continued to function relatively effectively. Apart from the mainland, the Republic of Vietnam also administered parts of the Paracels and Spratly Islands. Most resources arc devoted to system, which has no international connections or electrified lines, is 20.8 Income from other family members W_ 1973 WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. At the time of the conference, it was expected that the South would continue to be a French dependency. In July 1954, France and the Vit Minh agreed at the Geneva Conference that the Vietnam would be temporarily divided at 17th parallel north and State of Vietnam would rule the territory south of the 17th parallel, pending unification on the basis of supervised elections in 1956. Gross National Product 27. a densely populated flat plan: consisting of the Dong General 1 Television was introduced to South Vietnam on 7 February 1966 with a black-and-white FCC system. Approved For Release 2006)6~i~II3~Fi~i@~T00875R001500200009-1 [15]:2804 With US involvement in the Vietnam War, English was also later introduced to the armed forces and became a secondary diplomatic language. out of the Delta. 144.' movement stemmed largely from the intensification of military operations in The Parliamentary election took place on 22 October 1967. Ninh 1 Introduction 1 (,4.1 tially. Communist offensive, for example, savings and time deposits rose substan- The difficulties for both Vietnams economy and the global economy are expected to linger in the first half of the year, but the second half should be much brighter, analysts told the Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam seminar held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) and Standard Chartered rose at an average annual rate of about 8'y, during 1965-71, and construction V Deo By 1960 the land reform process had stalled. The only other port of any size was Da Nang, which was rated of the government's Agricultural Development Bank, the organized financial Kien~ 340 Most of the remainder is concentrated along the narrow development as a result of growing military logistical requirements. The interest rate reform in late 1970, which approximately r l,ht~rs What is the Difference Between GDP and GNI? s Cotton fabric On 2 July 1976, North Vietnam-controlled Republic of South Vietnam and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. There were four AM and one FM radio stations, all of them owned by the government (VTVN), named Radio Vietnam[vi]. South Vietnam, which had not signed the Geneva Accords, did not believe the Communists in North Vietnam would allow a fair election. With no US military assistance forthcoming the ARVN were unable to hold and the PAVN successfully captured many of the districts around the provincial capital of Phuoc Long weakening ARVN resistance in stronghold areas. According to this estimate, it will be 70% the size of the UK economy by 2040. Ninh As the military situation deteriorated, ARVN troops started deserting. [12] He also claimed the communist government in the North created conditions that made a fair election impossible in that region. imports without severely depressing per capita private consumption. Agriculture is the major economic activity in South Vichtam and by offering general incentives such as devaluations, an attractive investment 11.7 Percent Foreign Relations of the United States Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. 193 Until a few years ago there were virtually no Coconuts 6 Most of the data included in this handbook are unclassified and are based on Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. many goods and services for which the increase in demand could not be met Phuoc However, about one-fifth of the people who lived in Southern Vietnam (from Quang Tri Province to the South) lived in areas that were controlled by Viet Cong. 285.8 forests, which make up one-third of the [36] During the same period, rice output increased by 203 percent and the number of students in university increased from 2,000 to 90,000. Although the population is still predominantly rural, there has Binh From 2000 to The lack of sufficient training and dependence on the U.S. for spare parts, fuel, and ammunition caused maintenance and logistical problems. 4. 5,327 failed to keep pace with rising prices. developed countries. The Fi~tn~rcial System During its existence, South Vietnam had diplomatic relations with Australia, Brazil, Cambodia (until 1963 and then from 1970), Canada, the Republic of China, France, Indonesia (until 1964), Iran, Japan, Laos, New Zealand, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Vatican and West Germany. Even with large-scale foreign aid, there were Approved For Release 2000/O~UNF~DENTIAL 08758001500200009-1 The US economy is recovering, the Eurozone has avoided a harsh winter, and China is reopening faster than expected, according to Mr. Edward Lee, Chief Economist for ASEAN and South Asia at Standard Chartered Bank. uncertainty resulting from the offensive. The new administration of Richard Nixon introduced a policy of Vietnamization to reduce US combat involvement and began negotiations with the North Vietnamese to end the war. ugar cane 21 g Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Thailand. The products, piustics and other chemicals, cement, glass, and the output of a u During 1965-69, production generally effect of hostilities has been the periodic shortage of basic commodities as a At that time, the traditional culture began to acquire an overlay of Western characteristics. has routes extending to Laos, Cambodia, Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, South Vietnam has a very small industrial scclorwith virtually no maintained a capitalist free-market economy with ties to the West. goods. There China seized control of the Paracels in 1974 after the South Vietnamese navy attempted an assault on PRC-claimed islands. Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. 5. Additionally, in order to protect many industries within the country, the government does not allow private ownership or foreign investment. unexplored. imports, which in turn created an appetite for modern imported consumer Ladd and Resource Base 1972 61nh In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. South Vietnam is far behind many other Southeast Asian countries in terms Communist forces overran Saigon on 30 April 1975, marking the end of the Republic of Vietnam. e Vegetable crops Figures prices and yields-permitted substantial modernization in agriculture. Coff'cc ploited commercially are limestone, silica WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. '135 ", In October 1956 Dim, with US prodding, launched a land reform program restricting rice farm sizes to a maximum of 247 acres per landowner with the excess land to be sold to landless peasants. 440 South Vietnam went through many political changes during its short life. Former emperor Bo i accepted the position of chief of state (quc trng). ~ :.,,,tr _. In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. Although ~?_ Persona per squero kllomeler are how to expand production, stimulate exports, and reduce dependence on With the French gone, a return to the traditional power struggle between north and south had begun again. The National Assembly/House of Representatives was located in the Saigon Opera House, now the Municipal Theatre, Ho Chi Minh City,[27]:100 while the Senate was located at 45-47 Bn Chng Dng Street (ng Bn Chng Dng), District 1, originally the Chamber of Commerce, and now the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange. p~Dac war in 1965 caused a decline in cultivated area of about one-]lalf million Long 58.0 may be directed the Office of Economic Research, 25X1 A Labor Force, 1972 7 Cement incrcascd funds and more vigorous leadership, development lending institu- the increased amount of double-cropping with both rice and vegetables. Approved For Release 2000/~,~~I;C~~I~,~~~TL00875R001500200009-1 War requirements spurred development of air transport. as shown in Table 1. Approved For Release 2000/~h'~'~ II~f~~~00875R001500200009-1 carriers, but the increased ;use made of the road network is reflected in truck [6] It is a variation of "Nam Vit" ( , Southern Vit), a name used in ancient times. Decreases in cultivated area and dislocation of the farm labor force In their World Economic Report released this month, the IMF claims that Vietnam will be one of the few nations in the world and the only in ASEAN to experience higher growth in 2022 than in 2021. Industry CONFIDENTIAL eanu refugees, have not shared in this relative prosperity. Directora?e of Intelligence South Vietnam was divided into forty-four provinces: Throughout its history South Vietnam had many reforms enacted that affected the organisation of its administrative divisions. account for about 70'%~ of manufacturing output, and a handful of firms South Vietnamese economy. 1,134.2 Request Permissions. ~s~2 Exempt from genorol Approved For Release 200'0109~~4I~1~-~5T00875R001500200009-1 The primary development i;l land use in recent years leas been stopped most of than from going beyond the planning stage. The largest movements of people in South Vietnam leave involved Thieu quickly consolidated power much to the dismay of those who hoped for an era of more political openness. distorted resource allocation in Soutli paperboard By 2025, Vietnams digital economy could expand to US$52 billion. an estimated 12% of GNP and about 5% 7.0 registrations, which climbed from 37,000 in 1966 to 90,000 in 1970. As a consequence, Thiu ordered a withdrawal of key army units from the Central Highlands, which exacerbated an already perilous military situation and undermined the confidence of the ARVN soldiers in their leadership. limit Communist supply sources-by its operation of control checkpoints on 13.4 In the second half, the world economy is forecast to bottom out and begin to recover, creating momentum for production and growth. Vietnam economy is expected to grow by 2.7% in 2020, according to IMF 2. [36] US aid peaked at $2.3billion in 1973, but dropped to $1.1billion in 1974. On 31 January 1968, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Vit Cng broke the traditional truce accompanying the Tt (Lunar New Year) holiday. 32 It received international recognition in 1949 as the "State of Vietnam" (194955), and later as the "Republic of Vietnam" (195575). The South was divided into coastal lowlands, the mountainous Central Highlands (Cao-nguyen Trung-phan) and the Mekong Delta. 100 The purpose of the event is to effectively implement the Vietnam-India Joint Vision Statement on peace and prosperity as approved by the Prime Ministers of the two countries on February 21, 2020. "'Ineludoa cuxfome dufloa end olhar Impo;1 faxoa, counforperl lunda ponerefed by Inflation in the United States: A Brief Overview. Government Budget Table 3 presents output from the most important branches of industry in However, some traditional market Tlie years of war have badly expansion of facilities in the northern ports for ocean-going vessels, however, Vietnam's economy rebounds from COVID-19 Delta wave. At the time of signing of the Paris Peace Accords, the South Vietnamese government fielded the fourth largest military force in the world as a result of the American Enhance and Enhance Plus programs with approximately one and one-half million troops in uniform. Duon~ Dim's removal and assassination set off a period of political instability and declining legitimacy of the Saigon government. of the amount of cultivated land subject to water control. 10.3 Its aircraft inventory consists rar Mrtcrs Dim had never truly supported reform because many of his biggest supporters were the country's largest landowners. estry, contributes only about one-third to In addition, the government periodically Most crops (sec Table 2) arc raised on The remainder consists mainly of paper and paper North Vietnamese leaders had expected that the ceasefire terms would favour their side, but as Saigon began to roll back the Vit Cng, they found it necessary to adopt a new strategy, hammered out at a series of meetings in Hanoi in March 1973, according to the memoirs of Trn Vn Tr. Browse the Collections | Advanced Search | Search Help, ~L ? civilian government employment, which I~as roughly doubled since 1964. a flow of military dependents to the cities. Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. by changing security conditions and con- ca 8 mouth Vietnam control mechanisms, all of which were available at reasonable rust. Vung Tau (2,550 tons per day), and Vung Ro near Nha Trang (2,000 tons In the Released February 1, 2012. 38 WebLike that of China, North Vietnam's economy is structurally complex. enemy offensive and bad weather. Y mer A Nculturai. growth to a Halt in 1972. The Presidential election took place on 3 September 1967, Thiu was elected president with 34% of the vote in a widely criticised poll. While probably did not increase at all in 1972 because of disruption from the the country than any other mode and carry most of the freight moved by Binh have resulted in a decline in coastal shipping since 1969. growing about 3% annually. way in some areas (both for irrigation and to prevent salt water intrusion), The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias burgeoning trade through the region. Minh was seen as a more conciliatory figure toward the North, and it was hoped he might be able to negotiate a more favourable settlement to end the war. labor market has eased somewhat during the past two years with the Thua The state- owned sector includes most large industrial enterprises, state farms, lumber The 1972 aumy offensive, however, Icd to a substantial declcne in industrial This referendum was blatantly rigged in favor of a republic. employers, landlords, friends, and relatives) still provide a major share In accordance with the Paris Peace Accords signed on 27 January 1973, US military forces withdrew from South Vietnam at the end of March 1973 while PAVN forces in the South were permitted to remain in place. The Public reaction was unfavorable, and on 4 June 1973 the US Senate passed the CaseChurch Amendment to prohibit such intervention. output. 18. In addition, the expansion of the armed forces was accompanied by This country imports $151 billion worth of goods every year which gives it a positive trade balance of $13.7 billion. tau Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Unsurprisingly, Vietnam perceived Chinese investments in Laos as a threat for they undercut Hanois economic position in the country. Approved For Release 200~~i~E14I~~1~'d~5T00875R001500200009-1 [35], Following the 1963 United States-backed coup d'tat that outsted Ng the Central Government's Representatives in the Trung phn region were gradually replaced by the control of the Tactical zone's Commanders (T lnh Vng Chin thut), which replaced a civil administration with a military one. lif!lllr~r represent a largely untapped resource with defense spending, greatly outstripped the productive capabilities of the Most of the country north of Saigon produces less rice than it consumes and than 400,000 persons, Da Nang is the second largest city, and there are T Before World War II the system linked Saigon and Manufacturing consists primarily of small-scale consumer The Embassy of the Republic of Vietnam in Washington donated 527 reels of South Vietnamese-produced film to the Library of Congress during the embassy's closure following the Fall of Saigon, which are in the Library to this day.[47]. (probably more than half) of the credit to the private sector. greatly increased urban population lead to be supported largely through CONFIDENTIAL 3. Approved For Release 20001'F~i~[~F~00875R001500200009-1 The labor force is made up of 54.61 million people. declined during the peak war years because of insecurity and lack of canal 6 Population 15. The only minerals being ex- s WebAbstract This chapter and the next attempt to answer two questions: firstly, what were the major factors conditioning the development of the Southern Vietnamese economy between 1955 and 1975; secondly, what are the legacies of this development bequeathed to the new socialist regime, particularly those relevant to the question of unification? 10. declassification schodulo of E.O, 11652 (approximately half of their capital provided by the govcrnmcr.l) arc The South Vietnamese unsuccessfully attempted a defence and counterattack but had few reserve forces, as well as a shortage of spare parts and ammunition. Vietnam economy is a market economy which depends much on exports, and projects on FDI. Electronics. Never in the history of the world has the consumption of electronics been higher than it is now, a phenomenon that continues to rise every year.Food Processing Industry. Construction. Mining Industry. Services and Tourism. Banking and Finance. C+rJNI~ IllI;N'.L'~~~~ One of its approaches to increased involvement is joining international trade organizations such as the World Trade Organization. 32. Almost two-thirds of the population lives in the flat southern half The impact of the 1973 oil crisis, a faltering economy, inflation and reduced US aid led to a steady decline in South Vietnamese military expenditure and effectiveness. 8 3 Radio Vietnam started its operation in 1955 under then President Ngo Dinh Diem, and ceased operation on 30 April 1975, with the broadcast of surrender by Duong Van Minh. Tobacco piasters, or almost seven times the 1965 level (sec ~iguro 8). estimated at about 3 million for tlt~ entire metropolitan area. i . Output of Selected Agricultural Products P and forestry combine to make up about 15% of the total value of -Chr exemption catogory 58(12,(2),(3) These tend to be inefficient due to complicated bureaucracy needs to undergo reform. G 42.8 The retreat became a rout exacerbated by poor planning and conflicting orders from Thiu. "Geneva Agreements 2021 July 1954" (PDF). WebAbstract This chapter and the next attempt to answer two questions: firstly, what were the major factors conditioning the development of the Southern Vietnamese economy between 1955 and 1975; secondly, what are the legacies of this development bequeathed to the new socialist regime, particularly those relevant to the question of unification? 1965, South Vietnam exported rice, but has since had to import large 21. 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