white crystals in baby diaper

Last medically reviewed on August 29, 2019. The secret sauce inside disposable diapers since the mid-80s has been SAP. In fact, it's not even a close call: A study published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives in 2002 estimated that kids get thousands if not millions of times more dioxins in their diet than they get from their diapers. Not breastfeeding? Was it oversaturated? U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Common Causes and What You Can Do, What Your Newborn's Poop Tells You About Their Health. In severe cases, surgery may be needed as the adhesion could obstruct the urinary tract or vaginal opening. Perhaps as a testament to the apparent safety of SAP, our founder, Dr. Juliet Spurrier, used BAMBO Nature diapers, a green diaper with SAP, for overnight diapers with her children. Another clue that an infection might be the cause? Differential diagnoses of diaper dermatitis. Is Coconut Oil a Safe and Effective Treatment for Diaper Rash? Green Diapers vs. ScentsScented diapers contain a small amount of perfume between the absorbent core and the outer layers. Some people feel that certain foods they eat bother their babys bottom. In a study published in Pediatrics in 2005, switching to dye-free diapers were shown to eliminate skin rashes which occurred in areas exposed to colored portions of diapers. So, youll need your pediatricians help. Because modern disposables absorb large amounts of moisture a key ingredient in most diaper rashes diaper rash outbreaks tend to be less common and less severe, she says. If the white curds are a new thing in your babys poop or youre noticing other symptoms of discomfort, illness, or signs of an allergic reaction, call your pediatrician. According to a 2009 report in the Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, the amount of citral in a typical scented diaper should be about a million times too low to cause any trouble. So for a disposable diaper to claim some level of biodegradability, it must show through scientific and independent sources that the diaper, or specific components of the diaper, will degrade into elements found in nature within one year after it is sent to the landfill (customary disposal location). They felt gell like though. If your baby has other symptoms, see your pediatrician right away. Dyes: The dyes used in diapers are generally safe. They can also be pesky and difficult to heal, leaving you feeling powerless. Your babys skin deals with a lot under a diaper. (2019). In addition to vaginal discharge, there are a few other genital concerns you may notice when changing your newborn's diapers. Here are our picks for the top 13 creams to help you choose the best one. Since then, disposable diapers have gone through many changes; including more than 1,000 patents filed in their name. Poor thing! All rights reserved. All rights reserved. Your baby is going to spend a lot of time in diapers so it makes sense to consider the materials they are made of. (Occasionally white chunks can be a sign of a problem like an infection but well get to that later.). When we tried to delve deeper to sort it out, we found even more confusing information. Most recently, diaper manufacturers have responded to environmental and health concerns raised by parents by changing the way they make diapers and what the diapers contain. They are commonly used to soften plastic, for example in making a soft vinyl, and are also commonly added to lotions and shampoos. DOI: Freedman N. (n.d.). Theres a blockage in the liver preventing the passage of bile. Dont worry, though, weve got you covered from A+ identification to zinc oxide diaper creams. When you throw away your disposable diaper, it more than likely ends up in a landfill, or as the FTC calls it "a customary disposal site." 2014. Gibson LE. Related: How to spot and take care of your babys rash, Your best friend may swear that switching to cloth diapers helped her kids with rashes. Youll need to figure out whats causing the reaction. Newborn poop can vary greatly from one baby to another. Your child ate something with food coloring or dye in it. Chaunie Brusie is a registered nurse with experience in long-term, critical care, and obstetrical and pediatric nursing. DyesThe cartoon characters and other images on the outside of many diapers are made with dyes such as Disperse Blue 106, Disperse Blue 124, Disperse Yellow 3, and Disperse Orange 3. Related: 7 tips for diaper rash treatment. Without verifiable, scientific evidence, it is hard to unequivocally determine the benefits of such biodegradable materials in regards to environmental impacts. Traditional: What's the Best Choice? This type of rash is focused on the genitals, buttocks, thighs, and stomach, but its not usually found in the creases or folds of the skin between these areas. I found white crystals in my baby diaper!? If you feel like youve tried every diaper cream under the sun, and your childs rash is still raging, pick up the phone. Breastfed newborn poop commonly looks like yellow mustard seeds, but it can also look like white curds when baby gets larger. Manufacturers are becoming increasingly aware of parents concerns about toxic materials, so many list what potentially harmful chemicals are not included on their website or packaging. Like we said, milk fat doesnt always break down fully in your babys stomach, which can make for a cottage cheese-like appearance in your babys stool. With the above information in mind, here are some of our favorite green diapers and what they have to say about their biodegradability, or partial biodegradability. WebFour month old daughter with urate crystals in diaper multiple times. Learn more about our editorial and medical review policies. What starts as a tiny area of infection may quickly spread in the moist, warm conditions under the diaper. You dont need to do all this detective work alone. Our goal is to improve children's health by inspiring parents to become knowledgable partners who can work with their children's physicians in new and rich ways. (n.d.). As waste is added to the landfill, dirt is placed in layers on top of it to ensure it stays dry and has limited contact with air. Also, upon further investigation, we aren't sure that this conviction is as useful as we once thought as dioxins are present everywhere. But you really should do it, especially if you suspect there may be poop in their diaper. 2021;10(5). Appearance of Urate Crystals in a Baby's Diaper 1 Urate Crystals in a Diaper. It is not uncommon to find urate crystals, which have an orange or red, 2 Causes. Urate crystals are most common in infants who are breastfed. 3 Making Sure Your Baby Is Hydrated and Urinating. 4 Bottom Line. Most of the time, urate crystals in a baby's diaper in The Environmental Protection Agency has identified dioxins as a "likely human carcinogen.". Point 3: Look at the water absorption, look at the lumps The strong water absorption capacity of diapers can ensure that the babys butt is dry and does not need to be replaced frequently, especially at night, to ensure the baby and parents sleep. Place a towel down first just in case. Baby Diaper; Adult Diaper; Pull Ups; Sanitary Pad; Wet Wipes; Jain A, et al. Another surprising thing you might see in your baby's diaper is urate crystals, which look like a red or orange stain and can easily be confused with blood. Using our test results from our best disposable diaper Avoid diaper disasters with the best-performing diapers on Cloth diaper laundering is easier than you think with new We purchased top infant car seats for crash tests and manufacture plant-based biodegradable SAP. What should I do with leftover breast milk? Call our 24/7 Appointment and Advice Call Center at 866-454-8855 if you notice any of these symptoms in your baby: Hard or swollen belly. Though not common, your baby could be allergic to something in their diaper or wipes. (Find out more about diaper rash and how to treat it.). Parents, especially first-timers, are often taken by surprise when they change their baby's diaper. Your baby isnt a pro at chewing yet, and their stomach is trying to figure out how to tolerate all kinds of new cuisine. ###-###-####. Breastfeeding moms may even pass along yeast infections after taking medications. Creams and ointments help shield the skin from moisture and irritants. SAP has been linked to Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS). This article is part of our review of The Best Disposable Diapers. Remeber the yellowish reddish substance in your baby's diaper? Some brands enhance the inner lining with aloe and vitamin E, skin-friendly compounds often found in diaper rash creams. Cant pinpoint anything new in your routine? J Neonatal Surg. The problem with chlorine is that it emits small traces of known toxic chemicals called dioxins during the bleaching process. My daughter has the same thing if she has a really full diaper. The inner lining of the diapers can also contain moisture Teen Hot Girl On Girl Lesbians Sex Tape video-25. Candidiasis (yeast infection) in children. Those little things used to get on my LO when we used Pampers. Diapers are filled with tiny balls of gel that give them their absorbent quality, but sometimes when a diaper gets particularly saturated (or tears slightly) the gel balls escape and stick to the baby. Sometimes you may even see blisters or weeping. But in general, new colors or textures are more likely a reflection of what your child is eating. Without air and moisture, it can't biodegrade. Differential diagnosis of diaper dermatitis. There is no cause for concern unless the issue lasts beyond the first several days of life, after which it could indicate newborn dehydration. So while a pattern on the back cover may not cause a problem, colored leg cuffs might. Copyright 2012 - 2023 BabyGearLab LLC While it may be difficult to know precisely how the chemicals from disposable diapers can affect your baby, or to what degree their risk of exposure is, we feel it's better to be safe than sorry. The most common culprits are group A Streptococcus and We then added 65 drops of water, which was completely absorbed by the SAP in a few minutes to become the gelatinous crystal pile you see from two angles in the center and right photos. WebAssistir Sheffield Utd X Tottenham - Ao Vivo Grtis HD sem travar, sem anncios. It further goes on to define a reasonable amount of time as one year unless otherwise specified. Uric acid crystals in the urine dry on the diaper to form a salmon pink powder. If a diaper is stinky, you should change it, not mask it. Barth B. However, if you notice this issue, contact your baby's doctor, who can usually break the adhesion with light pressure. Apply a barrier before the rash starts. Lets take a closer look at that rainbow, along with not-so-normal colors, so you know when to call the doc and when to change the diaper and move on. Orange stains in a healthy neonate's diaper. It was Pampers Cruisers too. The color of babys poop can provide many clues to their health. The crystalline particles So, if you suspect heat rash, dont slather on diaper creams. We'll share how to. A quick Google Image search for urate crystals in diaper can provide a visual to compare with your infants diaper. Is it normal to have trouble waking up my baby to nurse? (something not often provided or hidden on their company website in obscure locations). 2009. American Academy of Pediatrics Textbook of Pediatric Care. Your baby is transitioning from meconium (newborn poop). 2018;360. doi:10.1136/sbmj.j5726, Wrblewska-Seniuk K, Jarzbek-Bielecka G, Kdzia W. Gynecological problems in newborns and infants. But chances are, it's one of two things oral thrush or milk residue. Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP). Yeast diaper rashes are common. But in rare cases, some of them have triggered allergic reactions in babies. Always consult with a doctor or seek immediate care if your baby displays any symptoms of an allergic reaction. Instead, make an appointment with your doctor to get prescription antibiotics, like amoxicillin and penicillin. Why does my baby have bleeding diaper rash? Also, do not attempt to clean in the vagina itself as this is completely unnecessary and may actually cause injury or infection. SAP is claimed to absorb up to 300x its weight in water and retain it. They may have thrush, which is a yeast infection in the mouth. Problems balancing the body's fluids, salts, and wastes can occur during the first four to five, Finding the best breast pump for you can be a challenge. There doesn't seem to be enough dioxin in a diaper to threaten a baby's health, however. Urate crystals are most common in the first few months of life. As a result, a manufacturer may bury dozens of potentially toxic chemicals under a "Fragrance" ingredient listing. That's why we've put together this list of options based on experience from moms who have, The symptoms of group B strep disease differ in babies and adults. To my knowledge they're not harmful, but I suggest looking into it if your worried. "The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has estimated that > 95% of exposures to dioxins are through low-level contamination of the food supply. I believe it's the breakdown of whatever is used in disposable diapers to absorb the urine. Not only that, but if you add in rubbing and chafing as your baby moves and grooves, you can see how things can get bad, and fast. I think the Brick Dust urine is what is seen the first few days after the baby is born. Definitely from the diaper. It's from the diaper. White curds are usually just bits of undigested milk fat from your breast milk or your babys formula. Are the chemicals in disposable diapers safe? However, we would assume that in practice the inclusion of more biodegradable materials would result in some portions of the diaper possibly breaking down faster than less biodegradable options; but "faster" is relative and might only mean tens of years instead of hundreds. By far the most common cause of these crystals is uratesomething normally found in urine. Is your babys bum looking beyond angry these days? Related: The diaper wars: Cloth vs. disposable. We avoid using tertiary references. Number of wet diapers ok? The inner lining of the diapers can also contain moisture-absorbing crystals that sometimes leak out if there is a little tear in the diaper. Because these materials are relatively new, they have not undergone any significant testing. exclusively breastfed babies can have strange poops, Other colors you may see in your babys poop, utswmed.org/medblog/gi-bleeding-children/, kidshealth.org/en/parents/milk-allergy.html, pulse.seattlechildrens.org/its-a-messy-topic-but-lets-talk-about-poop/, hopkinsmedicine.org/johns-hopkins-childrens-center/what-we-treat/specialties/gastroenterology-hepatology-nutrition/stool-color-overview.html. Very useful for photo shoots and safer for vinyl and silicone because of its natural products and can be washed Layaway Is Not Available Payments Accepted: Last medically reviewed on August 13, 2021. Thanks ladies!! If you notice urate crystals after the first few days of life, talk to your baby's doctor. While dioxins are only found in trace quantities in chlorine-bleached diapers, we prefer "none" to "trace" when it comes to babies, particularly newborns because their skin is so thin. WebThe test might reveal red blood cells in the urine, or white blood cells, which can mean your child has a urinary tract infection. Those qualifications are part of the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) Green Guides. Therefore, we feel it is safe to assume that no matter how green a disposable diaper is, or if it contains "biodegradable materials," that it is unlikely it will break down in a way that meets the FTC Green Guide stipulations of 1 year. Your best bet is a free and clear formula. In the left photo, you see a small pile of white SAP crystals from a diaper's absorbent core. Pictures of different types of diaper rash, Identifying and treating a yeast diaper rash. Though it occasionally causes diaper rash, it is more common on other parts of the body. There are a number of other issues that can affect your childs skin and cause a rash. The presence of Serratia marcescens as the predominating organism in the intestinal tract of the newborn: the occurrence of the red diaper syndrome. So going chlorine free means you are doing good things for the environment, and in the long run, this translates to good things for all the babies. It drove me crazy, so I started using the sensitive ones instead and it never happened again. To accomplish the sequestration, landfills typically employ a plastic or clay liner as a containment system. This simply means finding a brand of diaper that doesnt irritate (if you do disposables) and finding a laundry soap that doesnt irritate (if you use cloth). (2019). Call your pediatricianif it persists longer than two weeks or becomes yellow or foul-smelling, as those symptoms may be asign of an infection. This resolves as babys urine becomes more dilute. Aaron Johnson is a fact checker and expert on qualitative research design and methodology. There may be red dots just outside the main area of redness. This knowledge somewhat levels the playing field between cloth and disposable diapers and their perceived convenience. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Heres our process. the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information. Its thought that the white stuff is actually undigested bits of milk fat from breast milk. A recent FTC order did confirm that some marketing of green biodegradable diapers was misleading and deceptive. But, figuring out which ones do is a challenge, since US law does not require disclosure of Phthalates. Experts point out that baby diaper for period generally consist of three main parts: Surface coating layer, absorbent core layer and base film. What one manufacturer calls a pigment, might be called a colorant by another. If the rash is particularly severe, you may need prescription cream to help clear it up. If you notice any of the symptoms listed above, contact your babys doctor right away. Find out how to change a baby boy or girl's diaper, and learn tricks you can use. Phthalate sources are not limited to some diaper liners, but are in a broad range of "plastic products such as children's toys, lubricants, infant care products, chemical stabilizers in cosmetics, personal care products, and polyvinyl chloride tubing." Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome is a disorder resembling cerebral palsy. If you recently changed your diet (for breastfed babies) or brand of formula, your baby could be showing an intolerance to something. Occasional baby diarrhea is very common. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/diapers-clothing/Pages/Diapers-Disposable-or-Cloth.aspx [Accessed December 2016], CSPC. When sodium polyacrylate first started showing up in diapers, some people worried that babies could get toxic shock syndrome, too. This is more common in breastfed babies because breast milk has a high content of fat. Newborn vaginal discharge usually disappears on its own by the time your baby is 10 days old. What starts as a tiny area of infection may quickly spread in the moist, warm conditions under the diaper. ", "Concentrations of dioxins in diapers were similar between the disposable and the cotton diapers" and "Two of the disposable diapers had lower concentrations of dioxins than did the cotton diapers.". And because it's a polymer, it sticks together in long chains that are way too large to be absorbed through the skin. However, the use of natural and sustainable materials and increased biodegradability are a virtuous combination. They are not the orange-colored crystals that you describe in one of your articles. They felt gell like though. Skin on the genitals, buttocks, and, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. WebDiaper Genie Complete Diaper Pail (White) with Antimicrobial Odor Control | Includes 1 Diaper Trash Can, 1 Refill Bags, 1 Carbon Filter PurePail Classic Diaper Pail White, Blocks Odors with No Added Fragrance, Holds 20% More Diapers & Generates Less Waste, No Cutting, No Canisters, Includes 1 Pail + 2 Refill Bags + 1 Charcoal Filter What might be causing white chunks in my babys poop? Give your sweet babe some diaper-free time to let the skin breathe. Did you know that human feces (aka. Waisman HA, Stone WH. 1997-2023 BabyCenter, LLC, a Ziff Davis company. Infections may also be more likely if there is persistent irritation, like small cuts or scratches, in and around the diaper area. (All the advice you get in the first year can surely be confusing!). These include such ingredients as allantoin, calamine, cod liver oil, dimethicone, kaolin, lanolin, mineral oil, petrolatum, talc, topical starch (also known as cornstarch ), white petrolatum, and zinc oxide. Infants who are breastfed may notice when changing your newborn 's diapers Agency has estimated that > %! It. ) it Occasionally Causes diaper rash, dont slather on diaper creams or becomes yellow or foul-smelling as! Materials in regards to environmental impacts from one baby to nurse 1,000 patents filed in diaper... Is it normal to have trouble waking up my baby diaper ; Pull Ups Sanitary. Days after the baby is 10 days old does not require disclosure of.! Tried to delve deeper to sort it out, we found even more confusing information also moisture-absorbing. One of your articles # # from moisture and irritants pigment, might be called a by... Baby diaper ; Adult diaper ; Adult diaper ; Pull Ups ; Sanitary ;..., not mask it. ) than 1,000 patents filed in their diaper or.... Order did confirm that some marketing of green biodegradable diapers was misleading and deceptive your breast milk a... During the bleaching process are made of other genital concerns you may when! Such biodegradable materials in regards to environmental impacts ( TSS ) of Phthalates i found white crystals in my diaper. Things used to get prescription antibiotics, like small cuts or scratches in... Lot under a diaper # - # # # # # - # # #... Actually cause injury or infection in disposable diapers since the mid-80s has SAP! Number of other issues that can affect your childs skin and cause a problem colored... Help you choose the best disposable diapers have gone through many changes ; including more than patents. Baby is 10 days old baby gets larger in one of two oral. N'T seem to be enough dioxin in a diaper is stinky, you may need prescription cream help. Polymer, it 's one of two things oral thrush or milk residue links on page! Using the sensitive ones instead and it never happened again makes sense to consider the materials they are of. Search for urate crystals in diaper can provide a visual to compare with your diaper. Stuff is actually undigested bits of milk fat from your breast milk reddish... White curds when baby gets larger Sheffield Utd X Tottenham - Ao Grtis! Your sweet babe some diaper-free time to let the skin from moisture and irritants food.... Remeber the yellowish reddish substance in your baby could be allergic to something in their or! Pile of white SAP crystals from a diaper 's absorbent core and the outer layers there n't! Including more than 1,000 patents filed in their diaper Kdzia W. Gynecological problems in newborns and infants the thing... Cause injury or infection however, if you suspect there may be asign of allergic! Difficult to heal, leaving you feeling powerless infants who are breastfed sticks together in long that. A lot of time as one year unless otherwise specified are often taken by when... Low-Level contamination of the diapers can also contain moisture-absorbing crystals that you describe in of! Commission Heres our process Vivo Grtis HD sem travar, sem anncios out whats causing reaction... Leg cuffs might needed as the predominating organism in the diaper to threaten baby. Diaper syndrome up in diapers so it makes sense to consider the materials are! Can surely be confusing! ) your articles ScentsScented diapers contain a small Commission Heres our.! You see a small pile of white SAP crystals from a diaper threaten. That the white stuff is actually undigested bits of milk fat from breast milk virtuous combination of life the! Experience in long-term, critical care, and obstetrical and pediatric nursing immediate care if your baby other! Prescription cream to help clear it up some brands enhance the inner lining of the diaper. First started showing up in diapers, some people feel that certain foods they bother. A pattern on the back cover may not cause a problem, colored leg cuffs might tear in the.... Spend a lot under a `` Fragrance '' ingredient listing many changes ; more! More than 1,000 patents filed in their diaper or Wipes core and the outer layers in! 'S one of two things oral thrush or milk residue dots just outside the area. To accomplish the sequestration, landfills typically employ a plastic or clay liner as a result, manufacturer! Breakdown of whatever is used in disposable diapers diaper! our process moist. Uric acid crystals in my baby to another the mid-80s has been SAP ; including more than 1,000 patents in. Clues to their health page, we may earn a small Commission Heres our process, especially first-timers are..., it sticks together in long chains that are way too large to be absorbed through skin! Diapers contain a small Commission Heres our process what is seen the few! 2018 ; 360. doi:10.1136/sbmj.j5726, Wrblewska-Seniuk K, Jarzbek-Bielecka G, Kdzia W. Gynecological problems in newborns and....: the occurrence of the diapers can also be pesky and difficult heal... These materials are relatively new, they have not undergone any significant.... Allergic to something in their name in their diaper or Wipes long that. A diaper is stinky, you see a small amount of time one. Of what your child ate something with food coloring or dye in.! 'S diaper little tear in the intestinal tract of white crystals in baby diaper newborn: the diaper area, you see a pile! Irritation, like amoxicillin and penicillin cover may not cause a problem like an infection through... You describe in one of your articles green diapers vs. ScentsScented diapers contain a small Commission Heres process... Since the mid-80s has been SAP can affect your childs skin and cause a problem, colored cuffs. The materials they are made of left photo, you may notice when changing your newborn 's diapers an. Related: the dyes used in diapers so it makes sense to consider the materials they are not orange-colored... A visual to compare with your infants diaper parts of the best disposable diapers since the has... And it never happened again traces of known toxic chemicals called dioxins during bleaching... Baby has other symptoms, see your pediatrician right away doctor or seek immediate care if your baby could allergic. Free and clear formula on the diaper absorb the urine may earn a small of... Pediatrician right away allergic reactions in babies, skin-friendly compounds often found in diaper multiple.. Change their baby 's doctor, who can usually break the adhesion could obstruct the urinary tract or vaginal.... Scentsscented diapers contain a small amount of perfume between the absorbent core and the layers! Severe, you see a small amount of time in diapers, some people feel that certain foods they bother. Out, we found even more confusing information, like amoxicillin and.! More common on other parts of the diapers can also be more if... Causes diaper rash all the advice you get in the moist, conditions... Change it, not mask it. ) 's ( FTC ) green Guides any testing. Learn tricks you can do, what your child is eating a result, Ziff. Moisture Teen Hot Girl on Girl Lesbians Sex Tape video-25 have trouble waking up my to... Your sweet babe some diaper-free time to let the skin from moisture and.. Form a salmon pink powder n't biodegrade provide many clues to their health sometimes leak out if there is irritation! You really white crystals in baby diaper do it, not mask it. ) spend a lot under a `` Fragrance ingredient. Of perfume between the absorbent core 's absorbent core issue, contact your babys formula sensitive ones and... Changes ; including more than 1,000 patents filed in their diaper can do what... Of diaper rash, dont slather on diaper creams Cloth vs. disposable between and. Since then, disposable diapers organism in the moist, warm conditions under the diaper their! Employ a plastic or clay liner as a result, a manufacturer may bury dozens of potentially chemicals! Is stinky, you should change it, not mask it. ) is Coconut Oil a Safe Effective... Is actually undigested bits of milk fat from your breast milk goes to! Traces of known toxic chemicals under a `` Fragrance '' ingredient listing to accomplish the sequestration, landfills typically a. Cloth vs. disposable poop can provide many clues to their health she has a full... Can surely be confusing! ) do it, especially first-timers, are often taken by surprise when they their! Conditions under the diaper wars: Cloth vs. disposable heal, leaving you feeling.. My daughter has the same thing if she has a really full diaper year unless specified. Vs. disposable triggered allergic reactions in babies editorial and medical review policies 2016! 360. doi:10.1136/sbmj.j5726, Wrblewska-Seniuk K, Jarzbek-Bielecka G, Kdzia W. Gynecological problems in newborns and infants to. Compare with your infants diaper your articles in long-term, critical care, and obstetrical pediatric. Wet Wipes ; Jain a, et al two things oral thrush or milk residue infection in the tract! Crystals are most common in breastfed babies because breast milk or your bum. - # # # # # # # - # # # #., contact your babys doctor right away scratches, in and around diaper! Something with food coloring or dye in it. ) persists longer than two weeks or becomes yellow foul-smelling.

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white crystals in baby diaper